This article puts into conversation Friedrich Nietzsche’s perspectivism and a particular expression of “African animism,” drawn from my ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana. Nietzsche’s perspectivism extends interpretation beyond the human species into natural processes. Like perspectivism, African animism troubles the binaries—body/soul, nature/culture—that permeate anthropocentric thinking. Human-nonhuman relations are refigured as socio-ecological relations: the earth may be regarded as life-generating ancestors; baobab trees may approach humans as kin. These two images of the world intersect, but they do not mesh together. Nietzsche adopts (...) perspectivism as active intersections between dynamic processes, within an open universe that has not been predesigned for humans. Animism tends toward a world of personalized relationships that would reach harmony if we would only lighten our ecological footprint. I draw upon such resonances to advance a new ethic of experiential environmentalism that treats ecological threats as lived risks and shared experiences with a lively and communicating “environment.”. (shrink)

The article investigates what happens when philosophy meets and begins to establish connections with two formal research methods such as game theory and network science. We use citation analysis to identify, among the articles published in Synthese and Philosophy of Science between 1985 and 2021, those that cite the specialistic literature in game theory and network science. Then, we investigate the structure of the two corpora thus identified by bibliographic coupling and divide them into clusters of related papers by automatic (...) community detection. Lastly, we construct by the same bibliometric techniques a reference map of philosophy, on which we overlay our corpora to map the diffusion of game theory and network science in the various sub-areas of recent philosophy. Three main results derive from this study. Philosophers are interested not only in using and investigating game theory as a formal method belonging to applied mathematics and sharing many relevant features with social choice theory, but also in considering its applications in more empirically oriented disciplines such as social psychology, cognitive science, or biology. Philosophers focus on networks in two research contexts and in two different ways: in the debate on causality and scientific explanation, they consider the results of network science; in social epistemology, they employ network science as a formal tool. In the reference map, logic—whose use in philosophy dates back to a much earlier period—is distributed in a more uniform way than recently encountered disciplines such as game theory and network science. We conclude by discussing some methodological limitations of our bibliometric approach, especially with reference to the problem of field delineation. (shrink)

The author elucidates the ontological basis of elementary mathematical theories and thereby assesses their certainty as a foundation for the more complex theories of modern mathematics, such as mathematical analysis and set theory. He adduces arguments in favor of the position of Frege, who held that geometry can provide a sufficiently broad and certain foundation for mathematics.

t. 1. Problemy vospitanii︠a︡ vsestoronne razvitoĭ lichnosti. Dukhovnyĭ mir shkolʹnika. Metodika vospitanii︠a︡ kollektiva.--t. 2. Formirovanie Kommunisticheskikh ubezhdeniĭ molodogo pokolenii︠a︡. Kak vospitat nastoi︠a︡shchego cheloveka. Sto sovetov uchiteli︠u︡.--t. 3. Serdt︠s︡e otdai︠u︡ deti︠a︡m. Rozhdenie grazhdanina. Pisʹma k synu.--t. 4. Pavlyshskai︠a︡ sredni︠a︡i︠a︡ shkola. Razgovor s molodym direktorom shkoly.--t. 5. Statʹi.

t. 1. Serdt︠s︡e otdai︠u︡ deti︠a︡m. Rozhdenie grazhdanina.--t. 2. Pavlyshskai︠a︡ sredni︠a︡i︠a︡ shkola.